基于蒙特卡罗方法的氪-85活度反演中容器参数的分析研究

Analysis of Container Parameters in Kr-85 Activity Inversion Based on Monte Carlo Method

  • 摘要: 在核燃料厂释放物检测过程中,85Kr因其异常小的γ分支比(约0.434%),以及β辐射(分支比>99.5%)之后复杂的轫致辐射机制,使得如何精确进行密闭容器内85Kr活度反演成为难题。为探究现实工况条件下测量的干扰效应,建立圆柱形立体模型,针对容器壁厚度(0.5~1.5 mm)、容器材质(铝、黄铜、不锈钢)、85Kr源气体压力(1.0~5.0 atm)以及容器内径(1.9~5.9 cm)进行分析研究,对剂量率响应函数和轫致辐射泄漏比例进行对比。结果表明:容器壁厚与轫致辐射泄漏占比呈显著负相关,且在近场区导致剂量率响应函数发生非线性畸变,表明壁厚公差是主要的系统误差源之一;低原子序数(如铝)容器材质因光电效应截面小以及质量厚度低,对低能光子自吸收效应较差,导致其轫致辐射泄漏占比显著高于高原子序数(如黄铜)材质;放射源气体压力与轫致辐射泄漏占比呈现显著正相关关系,在相同探测距离情况下,剂量率响应函数无明显变化;容器内径与轫致辐射泄漏占比呈现显著非线性关系,但大内径容器会显著降低单位活度的有效探测效率。本研究建立的85Kr活度反演过程中几何参数和容器内气压变化的修正模型,可为提高85Kr在线监测系统的准确性和反演系统精度提供理论依据,对工程应用具有一定参考价值。

     

    Abstract: During the detection of releasers from nuclear fuel plants, the isotope 85Kr presents a challenge due to its exceptionally low γ branching ratio of approximately 0.434% and the complex bremsstrahlung mechanism that follows β radiation, where the branching ratio exceeds 99.5%. This complexity complicates the precise inversion of 85Kr activity within a sealed container. To investigate the interference effects under realistic working conditions, a cylindrical three-dimensional model was developed. Dynamic analyses were performed to assess the effects of varying container wall thickness (0.5-1.5 mm), container material (aluminum, brass, stainless steel), 85Kr source gas pressure (1.0-5.0 atm), and container inner diameter (1.9-5.9 cm). The dose rate response function and bremsstrahlung radiation leakage ratio were compared across these variables. The results indicate that: (1) The wall thickness of the container is significantly negatively correlated with the proportion of bremsstrahlung leakage, leading to nonlinear distortion of the dose rate response function in the near-field area. This finding suggests that wall thickness tolerance is a primary source of systematic error; (2) Low-Z materials, such as aluminum, due to small photoelectric cross-sections and low mass thicknesses,exhibit poor self-absorption of low-energy photons, resulting in a markedly higher proportion of bremsstrahlung leakage compared to high-Z materials, such as brass; (3) The gas pressure of the radioactive source demonstrates a significant positive correlation with the proportion of bremsstrahlung radiation leakage. However, under the same detection distance, the dose-rate response function remains largely unchanged; (4) The inner diameter of the container reveals a significant nonlinear relationship with the proportion of bremsstrahlung leakage. Nevertheless, containers with a larger inner diameter substantially reduce the effective detection efficiency per unit activity. This research establishes a correction model for geometric parameters and pressure variations within the container during the 85Kr activity inversion process, thereby providing a theoretical foundation for enhancing the accuracy of the 85Kr online monitoring system and the precision of the inversion system, which holds considerable reference value for engineering applications.

     

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