Abstract: The past decade (2016–2025) marks a strategic transition period for China’s isotope technology to transform from reliance on imports to independent innovation. To systematically analyze the breakthroughs and existing challenges in this field, this paper examines seven key areas over the past decade: national policy planning, production facility construction, research and development of core technologies, market entry of isotope products, radioactive source applications, radiopharmaceuticals, industrial park layout, and R&D platform construction. It integrates policy documents, technical reports, and industrial data, conducts a comprehensive review and summary, and analyzes existing issues and shortcomings. Suggestions for subsequent development have been proposed in response to the identified issue.