Abstract: INTRABEAM is a type of electronic brachytherapy that directly treats cancer by producing low-energy X-rays. It has advantages such as precise treatment, ease of operation, and protection of surrounding healthy tissues. The INTRABEAM system is favored in clinical applications for its excellent dose distribution, especially in breast-conserving surgery for breast cancer. Accurate dosimetry is essential for effective tumor treatment. However, the dose measurement of the INTRABEAM system relies on indirect measurement methods, which still faces challenges in achieving dose traceability. This study first analyzes the dose characteristics of the INTRABEAM system. The results show that the dose varies with water depth in an x⁻³ pattern, highlighting the need for precise dose values at specific points. The study explores methods for measuring water absorption doses. It compares different dose measurement methods, including the manufacturer’s measurement method, Zeiss V4.0 method, TARGIT method, and C_Q method, and finds differences in dosimetry. The study also discusses the impact of water phantom scattering, beam hardening, and the material and thickness of the waterproof cover on dosimetry, as well as calibration factors under different measurement conditions. The research results show that the reference values given by the manufacturer, the TARGIT method and the Zeiss V4.0 method may all underestimate the actual water absorbed dose and fail to achieve dose traceability. Therefore, establishing a water absorbed dose measurement method based on the absolute measurement principle has become a key goal to achieve dose traceability and treatment accuracy.