Abstract: Uranium is the key element of nuclear energy development. The development of functionalized materials with excellent uranium adsorption capacity is of great significance for the treatment of uranium-containing wastewater. Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) can meet the demand for the functionalized design of adsorbent materials and are widely used in the field of uranium adsorption due to the advantages of interlayer anion exchange, abundant active sites, large specific surface area, tunable layer plate composition, low cost and simple preparation process. The composition structure and synthesis methods of LDHs, including the advantages and disadvantages of these methods are introduced. The research progress of preparing LDHs functionally modified uranium adsorption materials by ion exchange and functional recombination is summarized. The reasons for its high adsorption performance and high selectivity for uranium and the interaction mechanism with uranium are elaborated, including electrostatic interaction, surface complexation, redox, ion exchange and two or more mechanism interactions. The application prospects and development trends of LDHs and their modified materials in the field of uranium adsorption are prospected.