Abstract: With the deepening of people's understanding of radionuclides, radionuclides and radiolabeled compounds have been widely used in the basic researches and clinical practice of biomedicine, making great contributions to the development of medical science and human health. Based on radionuclides and their labeled compounds, nuclear science and technology has been applied to the disease research, diagnosis and treatment, forming an important branch of modern medicine—nuclear medicine. Radionuclides and their labeled compounds play an important role in the diagnosis, treatment decision-making, efficacy evaluation and prognosis evaluation of tumors, cardiovascular diseases and neurological diseases. Its role in disease treatment，in vitro analysis and biomedical research has also been widely recognized.