Abstract: With the advancement of nuclear instrument technology and the requirement of safe and healthy in industrial development, the neutron and X-ray source that has artificial controllability are gradually popularized and applied in the field of well logging, providing key technical method for the exploration and development of oil, gas and other mineral resources. Based on the interaction of neutrons, gamma rays or X-rays with formation materials, controlled neutron and X-ray source logging technology can be used for porosity, density, element content, oil and gas saturation detection. In this paper,controlled neutron and X-ray source logging techniques are summarized. The development of controlled neutron and X-ray source logging technology is reviewed. The research status and application of controlled neutron and X-ray logging technology in numerical simulation, instrument development and data processing are introduced. In addition, the development prospect of controllable neutron and X-ray source logging technology is prospected. In the future, controllable neutron and X-ray source logging technology can be studied from the following three aspects: analyzing the distribution of different rays in energy, time and space to carry out the basic detection theory; combining the advantages of different disciplines to develop multi-type and multi-mode new instruments; studying on the correction and analytical methods of spectral data, and carrying out spectral information comprehensive analysis and application.