Abstract: Rhizosphere priming effect promotes the flow of carbon and nitrogen element in the plants, soil, microbial ecosystem, maintains the nutrient balance of ecological system components, and plays an important role in the deep understanding of soil organic carbon dynamics and stability. With the development and improvement of isotope analysis techniques, the stable carbon isotope as a natural tracer has been widely used in the soil carbon cycling research of agricultural ecosystems. The use of stable isotopic tracer technology can effectively quantify the direction and strength of rhizosphere effect on soil organic matter decomposition, and reveal the mechanism of the occurrence of rhizosphere effect. The application of stable isotope technology in the strength, influence factors and mechanism of rhizosphere priming effect were reviewed. The outlooks of research in the rhizosphere priming effects were discussed and clarified with the regard to more theoretically explore the internal mechanism of soil carbon and nitrogen cycle, promote the in-depth understanding of the processes of terrestrial ecosystem underground.