Abstract: To establish the rabbit models of acute peripheral pulmonary embolism with transcathere autologous blood clots injection via left jugular vein.The digital subtraction pulmonary angiography and radionuclide pulmonary perfusion imaging were performed respectively before and after pulmonary embolism of each rabbit. The sensitivity and specificity of the two kinds of imaging methods were compared with the pathological studyings.The results show that the sensitivity, specificity,positive and negative predictive rates of radionuclide pulmonary perfusion imaging were 93.94%，97.91%，89.86%and 98.8% respectively; the sensitivity, specificity,positive and negative predictive rates of digital subtraction pulmonary angiography were 90.91%，95.52%，80%and 98.16% respectively; but there was no significiant difference between radionuclide pulmonary perfusion and digital subtraction pulmonary angiography (P>0.05).Therefore, the sensitivity and specificity of radionuclide pulmonary perfusion were high in diagnosing acute peripheral pulmonary embolism,and highly accorded with digital subtraction pulmonary angiography. The radionuclide pulmonary perfusion can be used as a conventiently, safely and non-invasive screening method for the patients with suspected pulmonary.